A new wine Saccharomyces cerevisiae double-stranded RNA virus encoded killer toxin (Klus) with broad antifungal activity is evolutionarily related to a chromosomal host gene
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A new wine Torulaspora delbrueckii killer strain with broad antifungal activity and its toxin-encoding double-stranded RNA virus
Wine Torulaspora delbrueckii strains producing a new killer toxin (Kbarr-1) were isolated and selected for wine making. They killed all the previously known Saccharomyces cerevisiae killer strains, in addition to other non-Saccharomyces yeasts. The Kbarr-1 phenotype is encoded by a medium-size 1.7 kb dsRNA, TdV-Mbarr-1, which seems to depend on a large-size 4.6 kb dsRNA virus (TdV-LAbarr) for s...
متن کاملYeast Killer Toxin K28: Biology and Unique Strategy of Host Cell Intoxication and Killing
The initial discovery of killer toxin-secreting brewery strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) in the mid-sixties of the last century marked the beginning of intensive research in the yeast virology field. So far, four different S. cerevisiae killer toxins (K28, K1, K2, and Klus), encoded by cytoplasmic inherited double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA) of the Totiviridae family, have b...
متن کاملSpermidine or spermine requirement for killer double-stranded RNA plasmid replication in yeast.
The spe2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae codes for S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, an enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for the polyamines spermidine and spermine. We previously found that spe2 mutants completely lacking enzymic activity have no spermidine or spermine when grown in polyamine-free medium and require spermidine or spermine for meiotic sporulation and optimal growth. We now ...
متن کاملDeletion of mitochondrial DNA bypassing a chromosomal gene needed for maintenance of the killer plasmid of yeast.
Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae carrying a 1.4 x 10(6) dalton double-stranded (ds) RNA in virus-like particles (the killer plasmid or virus) secrete a toxin that is lethal to strains not carrying this plasmid (virus). The mak10 gene is one of 24 chromosomal genes (called pets, mak1, mak2,...) that are needed to maintain and replicate the killer plasmid. We report here isolation of spontaneo...
متن کاملTwenty-six chromosomal genes needed to maintain the killer double-stranded RNA plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The double-stranded RNA killer plasmid gives yeast strains carrying it both the ability to secret a protein toxin and immunity to that toxin. This report describes a new series of mutants in chromsomal genes needed for killer plasmid maintenance (mak genes). These mutants comprise 12 complementation groups. There are a total of at least 26 mak genes. Each mak gene product is needed for plasmid ...
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